Date: 31,03,2023
Author: Aosion
It can spread various zoonotic diseases and can carry more than 200 kinds of pathogens, of which about 57 kinds can cause human diseases, and the ones that are most harmful to humans include: plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis, etc. Plague: Spread by rat fleas. There are more than 200 species of vector-preserving animals related to plague in the world. There are more than 10 species in my country, such as ground squirrel, long-clawed gerbil, Rattus norvegicus, and yellow-breasted rat. Epidemic hemorrhagic fever: Found in more than 20 provinces and cities in my country, the case fatality rate is as high as 5% to 10%, and the average annual incidence in the 1990s was 45,000. Leptospirosis: It is more prevalent in southern paddy fields, and the case fatality rate is also higher. During the annual flood season, the positive rate of rodent-carrying bacteria in the Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province is 44%. hazards to agriculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations reports that the world's agriculture suffers from rodent infestation equivalent to the gross national product of the 25 poorest countries. Worth $17 billion. 20% of the food produced in the world is eaten by rats. The area of rodent damage in my country's farmland is about 30 million hectares every year, and the loss of rodent damage can be equal to the amount of imported grain.
Forestry: The area of rodent damage in China was 795,000 hectares in 1989. In recent years, it has been increasing at an annual rate of 10%, and the annual damage loss has reached more than 300 million yuan. (Data from 1996) Animal Husbandry: The occurrence area of Brandt's vole alone in China has reached 18 million hectares. In the typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia, the density of rats per hectare is more than 1,500. The brown spotted mouse stores several kilograms of grass outside each hole.
Rats entered the power distribution room and bit the cables, drilled into the transformer and caused a short circuit, resulting in a power outage. The economic loss is huge. According to foreign statistics, 1/4 of the fires with unknown causes in cities were caused by rats biting off cables. In 1997, a hospital in Honduras died suddenly of 14 patients whose lives were maintained by medical equipment because of rats biting off cables.
The important significance of rodent control is to protect the health of the people and reduce the economic losses caused by rodents.
Rodents are reservoir hosts of many natural foci diseases. It can transmit plague, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, forest encephalitis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, tick relapsing fever, and endemic typhus through ectoparasite bites, excrement contamination, mechanical carrying, and direct bites , hare fever, schistosomiasis and intestinal infectious diseases. Statistical data prove that the number of people who have died from rat infectious diseases in history has far exceeded the total number of deaths in previous wars.
Rats steal grain seeds, gnaw seedlings, and waste grain. According to statistics, the grain that reduces production because of rodent damage every year in the whole world reaches more than 50 million tons every year. Rats also steal tree species, destroy saplings, and affect forest regeneration. When the rat density is high, it can also desertify the grassland and affect the carrying capacity. Rats also often bite bad furniture, clothing, destroy buildings, damage dikes and dams and cause floods, damage wires and cause fires, damage communication equipment, etc., causing huge economic losses to humans.
In principle, there are two types of chemical drugs and physical methods.
Chemical drug control mainly adopts highly efficient and low-toxic rodent control poison bait. (Before taking the medicine, please clarify whether the local laws and regulations support the use)
1. Preserve all the food before putting it in, cut off the rat food, and force the rat to eat poisonous bait.
2. It is necessary to clean up indoor and outdoor sanitation, clean up accumulations in various places, and reduce habitats for mice.
3. The poison bait should be placed in place and the quantity should be sufficient. Rodent control poison baits should be placed in dark corners where rats often appear, 2-3 piles per 15 square meters of room, 5 grams per pile; outdoors should be placed along walls, sewers, green belts, garbage rooms, etc., every 10 meters 10 grams of medicine per pile, and the medicine should be kept for 3 days after delivery.
4. It is necessary to pay attention to safety to prevent children and the elderly from eating and poisoning by mistake. 3-5 days after the drug is administered, check for dead rats and clean them up in time to prevent environmental pollution.
⒈The doors and windows should be tightly closed, the gap between the door and the door frame, the window and the window edge should be less than 6mm, and the lower edge of the wooden door of the food processing operation room, sales hall, food, drug warehouse, non-staple food warehouse and other places that may cause rodent damage should be inlaid. 30 cm high iron sheets inside and outside the package; 13x13 mm barbed wire should be installed on the windows and ventilation holes in the basement or the first floor of the building.
2. The holes where various pipes or cables enter and leave the building are blocked with cement and other materials; the indoor holes and gaps that may be used by rodents are also filled with cement.
⒊ The sewer should be equipped with a return water bowl, the indoor drain should be equipped with a complete iron grate, and the part leading to the outside water outlet should have a 13x13 mm rodent-proof wire gate.
4. Wooden doors of warehouses for grain, non-staple food, condiments, medicines, etc. should be covered with 30 cm high iron sheets, and doors that are often opened should be equipped with 50 cm high iron sheet anti-rodent baffles. rat board.
The methods of physical control include: there are many Mus musculus in homes, offices, and office buildings, and the effect of using a mouse repeller or a rodent killer is safe and reliable. Rodent exterminators should be placed along the "rat path", on the back side of the door and the bottom of the cabinet, and it will be effective if kept for 3-5 days. Traditional mouse traps and mouse cages use deep-fried dough sticks and peanut kernels as bait to enhance the effect of luring the bottom. All sewer inlets and outlets should be covered with barbed wire mesh with a mesh size of less than 1 × 1 cm to prevent rats from escaping. The doors of kitchens, restaurants, warehouses, deli rooms, and snack rooms must be nailed with galvanized iron sheets 30 cm high to prevent mice from biting. Usually do not litter the windows or green belts to reduce the habitat of mice.
The harm of rats should not be underestimated. The significance of expelling rats is to protect the health of the people and reduce the economic losses caused by rats. There are many ways to repel rats, and you should choose to use them according to the actual usage scenario. It is especially important to maintain good sanitation and not provide habitat and food for mice.
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