Date: 03,04,2023
Author: Aosion
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Cockroaches belong to the order Dictoptera and Blattadae in insect taxonomy. It lived on the earth as early as 350 million years ago and is one of the oldest insects. There are more than 5,000 known species, which are divided into two types: domestic and wild. Wild species account for the vast majority of this order, most of which live in grass, litter, gravel or bark. Some also live in the nests of ants, termites, bees, etc., and generally have little relationship with humans. The domestic species that become sanitary pests account for about 0.5% of this order, mainly belonging to the Blattidae, Irididae and Pteropterygidae, and there are more than 170 species known in China (not including the ground turtles). The most common ones are Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australis, Periplaneta brown spot, German cockroach and black breasted cockroach. The German cockroach is the most serious hazard in Hangzhou City and most places in China.
In fact, understanding the transmission route of cockroaches is of great significance in prevention and control. There are two ways of spreading cockroaches: one is passive transmission; the other is active transmission.
(1), large-scale passive transmission. With the development of society, especially the increasing development of the transportation industry, cockroaches have also been brought to port cities in South America, Eastern Europe and South Asia from the African continent, where they originated, by shipping merchant ships and goods, and then gradually spread to temperate regions. , and even reached the cold regions of the north, it has spread all over the world and has become an important urban pest today. Also along with the development of economy in China, the development of logistics, transportation, and tourism spreads rapidly from south to north. So far, cockroaches are distributed and cause harm throughout the country. Because after cockroaches were introduced into China, due to the suitable environment and the absence of natural enemies, they often lived in restaurants, hotels, supermarkets, trains, automobiles, airplanes, schools, offices, hospitals and sewers, etc., almost everywhere. In other words: the so-called passive transmission means that human production and living activities have accelerated the spread of cockroaches around the world!
(2) Passive transmission in a small area. When cockroaches enter the cities we live in, they live in every corner. When we come into contact with these places when we work, live, or go out, we may carry adults and nymphs of cockroaches. , egg cases, etc., and bring them back to our living space, thereby accelerating the process of spreading cockroaches. In the process of passive transmission of cockroaches, there is an extremely important thing that must be mentioned, that is, the predatory exploitation of nature by human beings leads to the destruction of ecological balance, and makes cockroaches leave the original living environment that has lived for 350 million years , Enter our homes and become new urban pests.
This is one of the instincts of all living things, that is, when a biological population reaches a certain density, because of the limited living space, it will search for a new living space, so that the number of the population will continue to increase and the living range will continue to expand. This kind of transmission often takes a point as the center and spreads to the surroundings. For example, if there are cockroaches in a certain restaurant or family, after a period of time, cockroaches will appear around it, which is the result of active transmission.
1. The cockroach is a gradual metamorphosis, and its life cycle is divided into three stages: egg, nymph, and adult;
2. Loves the dark and is afraid of light, and often hides in various crevices during the day;
3. Miscellaneous eating habits, especially like oily, starchy and sugary foods, so it is called "stealing oil woman"; human beings eat everything such as milk, cheese, flour products, grains, fish and so on. Others chew books, leather, hair, wallpaper, dead insects or animals, fresh or dried blood, phlegm, dead bodies of companions, their own feces, etc. Even bit the fingers and toes of the sleeping person.
4. Activity rules. Although cockroaches have wings, they do not take flight as their main activity mode, especially those that live indoors. They can only fly and glide for short distances. Cockroaches crawl very fast, males can crawl up to 21 meters per minute, and females crawl slightly slower. Cockroaches have certain regularities in nighttime activities. For example, German cockroaches generally start to move at 19:00, appear in large numbers at 20:00, reach the highest peak at 22:00, and then gradually decrease until a small peak appears at 4:00 in the morning. disappear.
5. Seasonal ebb and flow and overwintering The activities of cockroaches are affected by temperature, and there are obvious seasonal ebb and flow and overwintering. Periplaneta americana and Periplaneta americana appeared one after another in early and mid-April, and nymphs appeared earlier than adults; the peak was from early July to late September, and gradually decreased after early October; The cockroaches hide one after another, and the nymphs hide before the adults. When the room temperature is lower than 7.5°C, the cockroach enters the overwintering state, when it is 4°C, it cannot move, and when it is minus 5°C, it will die soon. Adults, nymphs, and egg pods of cockroaches can survive the winter. The wintering places are generally required to be hidden and undisturbed, and the temperature and humidity are suitable. Most of them are canteens and residential kitchens. Food warehouses and furniture drawers can also survive the winter.
6. Strong adaptability and tenacious vitality. Cockroaches can survive under extremely harsh conditions, so they have become their paradise in cities. Moreover, its vitality is extremely tenacious. Cockroaches can withstand thirst and even hunger. They can go without water for a month, and they can go without food for three months (under the condition of water). Cockroaches can still live for a week without their heads. Headless cockroaches simply die of thirst because they have no mouth to drink from. Under harsh environmental conditions, when there is no food and no water, the phenomenon of cannibalism will occur among cockroaches, the big will eat the small, and the strong will eat the weak, especially the worms that have just molted their skins. They cannot move, and their skin is tender. The prey that competes for food survives by ingesting the water in the carcass.
1. Harassing life and work. As an invasive organism, it will inevitably affect our normal work and harmony of life if it survives in our work and living environment;
2. Contaminate food. As long as the cockroach can bite the food, it will become his delicacy, and he has the bad habit of pulling while eating, so the food he passes or eats will be polluted;
3. Spread the disease. Cockroaches can carry the eggs of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and parasitic worms. And it can serve as an intermediate host for a variety of worms. Cockroaches have been shown to carry 40 species of bacteria that are pathogenic to vertebrates, such as Mycobacterium leprae that infects leprosy, Yersinia pestis that infects bubonic plague, Shigella dysenteriae that infects dysentery and Shigella parashigellae that infects children with diarrhea, Pseudomonas aeruginosa that causes urinary tract infection, Escherichia coli that causes urogenital tract and intestinal infection, and various Salmonella and hepatitis that spread intestinal diseases and gastritis, etc. In addition, cockroaches can still carry a variety of pathogenic bacteria that cause food poisoning. Remarks: Babies and pregnant women should avoid contact with cockroaches and items that have been in contact with cockroaches! Cockroaches can also be artificially infected with bacteria that cause diseases such as cholera, pneumonia, diphtheria, anthrax and tuberculosis in Asia. Cockroaches can carry a variety of worm eggs such as roundworm, ancylostoma duodenale, and roundworm.
4. Damage property. Because cockroaches have very miscellaneous feeding habits, they can eat clothes and paper and cause losses. They also cause electrical failures due to eating wires, especially computers, etc., and even cause greater losses. computer pest.
There are many ways to control cockroaches, which can be summarized as follows:
1. Environmental prevention and control law: This method embodies the concept of prevention first. It is to create an environment that is not conducive to the invasion and living of cockroaches, so as to prevent them from entering or cannot survive here. Such as plugging holes and wiping seams, cleaning well, managing food and water sources, etc.;
2. Physical control methods: generally reflected in repelling and capturing, such as using cucumbers, celery, etc. to repel cockroaches, and electronic cockroach repellents are all repellent; cockroach houses, sticky cockroach boards, etc. are all catching.
3. Chemical control method: The core of this method is "killing", which is the most important means and the most effective method to prevent and control cockroaches, mainly including:
(1) Smoke method: including smoke bombs, cockroach-killing smoke agents and hot fog machines, etc. This method has fast effect and no lasting effect, so special attention should be paid to safety when using it;
(2) Residual spraying method: This is a traditional method of killing insects, with fast and long-lasting effects, but it needs to be operated by professionals, so this method is also commonly used by professional companies;
(3) Poison bait method: the cockroach-killing drug is prepared into bait that cockroaches like to eat, and placed in the place where cockroaches are infested, so that cockroaches will be poisoned and die after eating. This method is easy to operate, but it is limited by space in use, and it is extremely inconvenient to use it in various gaps;
(4) Glue bait method: This is a newly emerging method of killing cockroaches in recent years. The main advantages are easy to use, safe and environmentally friendly. However, due to the large number of brands of this dosage form in recent years, it is inevitable that fish’s eyes are misleading. A good gel bait must meet three conditions: good fitness, strong lure and long-term moisture retention.
4. Biological cockroach control method: Because it is still impossible to use natural enemies to control cockroaches in the city, only biological agents can be used to control cockroaches. At present, the more mature biological agents are toxic. The former is cockroach virus, and the latter It is a plant extract, that is, a botanical pesticide. Although there are many ways to prevent and control cockroaches, a single method is difficult to solve the problem fundamentally. Zhengzhou Bayer Pest Control Co., Ltd. has summed up a set of control methods of "clearing the source and consolidating the root" based on years of control practice. According to different occasions , using different comprehensive prevention and control methods to achieve the purpose of treating both symptoms and root causes.
1. Aerosol cockroach control method. Although aerosols can kill visible cockroaches, they cannot kill cockroaches hiding in deep crevices, and the aerosols on the market are basically pyrethroid drugs, to which cockroaches are extremely sensitive , the relatively concentrated cockroaches will scatter and flee after smelling the smell of this drug, which artificially accelerates the process of its diffusion. but the cause is everywhere;
2. Dichlorvos method for killing cockroaches. This is a common method of killing cockroaches in many places. This method has several disadvantages: first, it is highly toxic, easily contaminates food, and has safety problems; second, the drug has a fumigation effect, which is easy to cause poisoning incidents; third, it has poor retention and short duration; fourth, if there is no professional tool and professionals, it is difficult to achieve the desired effect;
3. Partial cockroach elimination method. Many units and families always want to eliminate cockroaches where they can be seen, such as kitchens and operating rooms in the catering industry, etc., but cockroaches hide in various crevices most of the time. Once found in one place, it means that the entire space is destroyed. It may happen, so in the prevention and control, one space should be used as a unit, such as all places in a family, all parts of a restaurant, to achieve the desired effect;
4. Avoidance method. No matter what the repelling method is, it cannot fundamentally kill cockroaches, especially electronic repelling, which is harmful to human body and other organisms.
The idea of killing cockroaches once. Because no matter from theory or practice, it is impossible to kill cockroaches once, which is determined by the biological characteristics of cockroaches. There is currently no medicine to kill the cockroach ootheca, so it will hatch again after a period of time, unless all the cockroach corpses are cleaned up after the cockroach is eliminated, and no one is left behind. Therefore, the eradication of cockroaches must be carried out step by step. The so-called "clearing the source and consolidating the root" refers to treating the source and regularly consolidating it to achieve the goal of treating both the symptoms and the root causes.
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